Differential mobility and local variation in infection attack rate

: metadiscourse in introduction sections of applied linguistics and physics research articles: exploring variation in frequency and type

abstract in written mode of language, metadiscourse markers are used commonly to help writers in general and academic writers in particular to produce coherent and professional texts. the purpose of the present study was to compare introduction sections of applied linguistics and physics articles regarding their use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers based on the model pro...

Inferring Influenza Infection Attack Rate from Seroprevalence Data

Seroprevalence survey is the most practical method for accurately estimating infection attack rate (IAR) in an epidemic such as influenza. These studies typically entail selecting an arbitrary titer threshold for seropositivity (e.g. microneutralization [MN] 1∶40) and assuming the probability of seropositivity given infection (infection-seropositivity probability, ISP) is 100% or similar to tha...

a study on rate making and required reserves determination in reinsurance market: a simulation

reinsurance is widely recognized as an important instrument in the capital management of an insurance company as well as its risk management tool. this thesis is intended to determine premium rates for different types of reinsurance policies. also, given the fact that the reinsurance coverage of every company depends upon its reserves, so different types of reserves and the method of their calc...

Local phenotypic variation in amphibian-killing fungus predicts infection dynamics

Environmental factors can limit the distribution of organisms if they are not able to respond through phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a broadly distributed pathogen, which shows spatially patterned genotypic and phenotypic variation; however, information on the functional consequences of this variation on disease dynamics in natural hosts is lim...

Fuzzy Local Fractional Differential Equations